Journal of Liver Cancer

Case Reports

A case of nearly complete response in hepatocellular carcinoma with disseminated lung metastasis by combination therapy of nivolumab and ipilimumab after treatment failure of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab: Hyung Jun Kim, Sang Youn Hwang, Jung Woo Im, Ki Jeong Jeon, Wan Jeon; J Liver Cancer. 2023;23(1):213-218. Published online March 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.2023.02.23

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Recently, the efficacy of immuno-oncologic agents for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been proven in several trials. In particular, atezolizumab with bevacizumab (AteBeva), as a first-line therapy for advanced HCC, has shown tremendous advances in the IMBrave150 study. However, second or third-line therapy after treatment failure with AteBeva has not been firmly established. Moreover, clinicians have continued their attempts at multidisciplinary treatment that includes other systemic therapy and radiotherapy (RT). Here, we report a case that showed a near complete response (CR) of lung metastasis to nivolumab with ipilimumab therapy after achieving a near CR of intrahepatic tumor using sorafenib and RT in a patient with advanced HCC who had experienced treatment failure of AteBeva.

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Systemic Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: ASCO Guideline Update
John D. Gordan, Erin B. Kennedy, Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, Eliza Beal, Richard S. Finn, Terence P. Gade, Laura Goff, Shilpi Gupta, Jennifer Guy, Hang T. Hoang, Renuka Iyer, Ishmael Jaiyesimi, Minaxi Jhawer, Asha Karippot, Ahmed O. Kaseb, R. Kate Kelley, Jerem
Journal of Clinical Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

A Case of Achieving Partial Remission with the Combination of Sorafenib and Nivolumab in a Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Showing Disease Progression after Nivolumab Therapy: Sang Youn Hwang, Seon-Mi Lee, Jung Woo Im, Ki Jeong Jeon, Cheol-Won Choi, Kyung-Su Kim, Wan Jeon; J Liver Cancer. 2019;19(1):74-78. Published online March 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.19.1.74

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Abstract PDF: Sorafenib is a well-known approved systemic therapeutic agent used in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Regorafenib and nivolumab are approved as second-line therapeutic drugs in patients showing disease progression after sorafenib therapy. However, there is no established third- or fourth-line therapy in patients with progression after regorafenib or nivolumab treatment. Recently, the combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) has been attempted as a firstline treatment strategy in advanced HCC patients based on the hypothesis that combination therapy may overcome resistance in ICPI monotherapy. On the basis of this suggestion, we herein describe the case of an HCC patient demonstrating macrovascular invasion, whereby partial remission was achieved via the combination of sorafenib and nivolumab following disease progression after nivolumab therapy. Further studies on the combination of TKIs and ICPIs are necessary to determine ways to manage HCC patients showing disease progression after ICPI therapy.

A Case of Achieving Complete Remission with Combination of Sorafenib and Tegafur in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Progression of Disease after Sorafenib Therapy: Sang Youn Hwang, Seon-Mi Lee, Jung Woo Im, Ki Jeong Jeon, Sang Bu Ahn, Jin-Young Park, Cheol-Won Choi, Kwang-Mo Yang; J Liver Cancer. 2017;17(1):88-93. Published online March 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.17.1.88

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Abstract PDF: Sorafenib is the only approved targeted agent as the first line systemic therapy for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the improvement of survival duration under 3 months is far from clinical satisfactory and most patients experience disease progression within 6 months after sorafenib therapy. Unfortunately, second line systemic therapy after treatment failure of sorafenib was not established and there were no clear guidelines for salvage treatment modalities. Recently, studies suggests that combination of sorafenib and single cytotoxic agent can be relatively effective and safe strategy that achieves promising rates of local and systemic control in advanced HCC patients. Based on above suggestions, we herein offer our experience of a case achieved complete remission by combination therapy of sorafenib and tegafur in the patient with progressed disease after sorafenib therapy.

A Case of Achieving Complete Remission with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Macrovascular Invasion after Repeated Transarerial Chemoembolization: Sang Youn Hwang, Seon-Mi Lee, Jong Woo Im, Ki Jeong Jeon, Sang Bu Ahn, Eun Kyeong Ji, Jin-Young Park, Cheol-Won Choi Choi, Gwang-Mo Yang; J Liver Cancer. 2016;16(2):123-128. Published online September 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.16.2.123

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Abstract PDF: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the worldwide procedure performed for patients with various stage hepatoceullar carcinoma (HCC), but is not yet considered as curative treatment because of relatively high local recurrence rate. Moreover, many clinicians frequently experience treatment failure (incomplete necrosis or stage progression etc.) after repeated TACE, but no clear guidelines have been recommended about salvage treatment modalities for this situation. Recently, studies for combination of radiation therapy and TACE for HCC with TACE refractoriness have been tried and reported better therapeutic efficacy. Based on above suggestions, we herein offer our experience of a patient with macrovascular invasion developed after repeated TACE that achieve complete remission by stereotactic body radiation therapy. Further study, maybe regarding a combination of locoregional and systemic therapy, is necessary on how to manage HCC patients with TACE refractoriness.

A Case of Achieving Complete Remission with Combination of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Transarterial Chemoemoblization in Patients with 4.8 cm Sized Infiltrative Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Arteriovenous Shunt: Sang Youn Hwang, Seon-Mi Lee, Jung Woo Im, Joon Suk Kim, Ki Jeong Jeon, Sang Bu Ahn, Eun Kyeong Ji, Hyun-Cheol Kang, Cheol-Won Chol, Gwang-Mo Yang; J Liver Cancer. 2015;15(1):64-69. Published online March 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17998/jlc.15.1.64

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Abstract PDF: Infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have a poor prognosis because most patients present with advanced disease. Although tumor size is small, ablation therapy is difficult because it is difficult to delineate tumor boundary and tumor often combined vascular invasion. Therefore many clinicians still try locoregional therapy (LRT) such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiation therapy (RT), or combination with LRT and sorafenib in this situation. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is new technology providing very highly conformal ablative radiation dose and is expected to salvage modality for HCC showed incomplete response of TACE due to combined arteriovenous (AV) shunts. Based on above suggestions, we herein offer our experience of a complete remission of tumor by combination of SBRT and TACE in a patient with infiltrative HCC. Further study, maybe regarding a combination of locoregional and systemic therapy is necessary on how to manage infiltrative HCC with AV shunts.

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